The spliceosomal complex components, together with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, regulate the process of constitutive and alternative splicing, the latter leading to the production of mRNA isoforms coding multiple proteins from a single pre-mRNA molecule. This study identifies DEG signatures that provide potential biomarkers in CC prognosis and treatment outcome, as well as identifies potential alternative targets for cancer therapy. R patients (ILF2, RBM22P2, ACO16722.1, A元60175.1 and AC092354.1), of which four also returned significant survival Hazard Ratios. Genes overlapping between the 21 highest AUC and pAUC loci revealed seven genes with a strong capacity for identifying NR vs. A panel of biomarkers was selected using the rank-based AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) and pAUC (partial AUC) measurements for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. R patients and a panel of lncRNAs and miRNAs with implications for CC tumorigenesis. These included a wide-ranging pattern of underexpressed coding genes in the NR vs. The analysis returned 1050 DEGs when comparing the Non-Responder (NR) (n=10) and Responder (R) (n=21) groups to chemoradiotherapy. Transcriptome was performed using ultra-low input RNA sequencing and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Log2 fold differences and adjusted p-value < 0.05 were determined. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to enrich CD34+/CD45- CCSC from tumor biopsies. A total of 31 patients with locally advanced CC and referred to Mário Penna Institute (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) from August 2017 to May 2018 were recruited for the study. In this work, we evaluated differential gene expression in cervical cancer stem-like cells (CCSC) as biomarkers related to intrinsic chemoradioresistance in CC. Treatment refractoriness to standard chemoradiotheraphy has identified cancer stem cells as critical coordinators behind the biological mechanisms of resistance, contributing to CC recurrence. The present review is an update on the proteomic study of CC.Ĭervical cancer (CC) represents a major global health issue, particularly impacting women from resource constrained regions worldwide. Detecting pathologies in their earliest stages can significantly improve a patient’s survival rate, prognosis, and recurrence. However, several cervical carcinogenesis mechanisms are still unclear. Proteomic analysis of biological samples of patients with different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC has served to elucidate the pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer and identify cervical proteins associated with CC. The cluster of differential molecular profiles in the genome, the transcriptome, or the proteome is analyzed in the disease, and it is called the molecular signature of cancer. Differential expression analysis using high-throughput techniques applied to biological samples allows determining the physiological state of normal cells and the changes produced by cancer development. Thus, it is essential to deepen our knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of CC and propose new therapeutic targets and new methods to diagnose this disease in its early stages. Particularly, cervical cancer (CC) is still the second leading cause of cancer death in women from developing countries. Moreover, we briefly discuss the epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and possible APOBEC-mediated genome editing in HPV infections and carcinogenesis.Ĭancer is one of the leading public health issues worldwide, and the number of cancer patients increases every day. In this review, we discuss the genome structures and the updated transcription maps of HPV16 and HPV18, and the latest research advances in understanding RNA cis-elements, intron branch point sequences, and RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of viral RNA processing. Papillomaviruses proficiently engage alternative RNA splicing to express individual ORFs from the bicistronic or polycistronic RNA transcripts. Both HPV early and late transcripts differentially expressed in the infected cells are intron-containing bicistronic or polycistronic RNAs bearing more than one open reading frame (ORF), because of usage of alternative viral promoters and two alternative viral RNA polyadenylation signals. The expression of the HPV genome is highly dependent on cell differentiation and is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. HPV16 and HPV18, the two most common high-risk HPVs, are responsible for ~70% of all HPV-related cervical cancers and head and neck cancers. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of small non-enveloped DNA viruses whose infection causes benign tumors or cancers.
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